Water security remains a fundamental determinant of rural development in sub-Saharan Africa, where rural populations are disproportionately affected by inadequate access to safe and reliable water. This study examines the relationship between water resources management (WRM) and rural development in Nsit Ubium Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods design combining household surveys (n = 384), laboratory-based water quality analysis, geospatial mapping, and institutional assessment was adopted. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to examine relationships between water variables and rural development indicators. Results indicate heavy dependence on unsafe surface water sources, significant seasonal variability, long distances to water points, and weak institutional coordination. Water quality parameters exceeded recommended safety standards in most surface sources. Statistical analysis shows strong relationships between water management variables and health outcomes, agricultural productivity, and household income. The study concludes that water insecurity in Nsit Ubium is primarily a governance and infrastructure management challenge rather than a problem of physical water scarcity. Integrated governance reforms, infrastructure investment, community participation, and sustainable water management strategies are essential for long-term rural development.

Keywords: Water resources management, rural development, water access, governance, Nigeria.