The present study analyzes the quality of urban life in the municipalities of the Alto Sertão Sergipano Territory based on the Urban Well-Being Index (IBEU), with the objective of identifying intermunicipal inequalities and reflecting on the impacts on the formulation of public policies. The research has an exploratory character and a qualitative approach, based on content analysis and systematized data in five dimensions: urban mobility, environmental conditions, housing conditions, urban infrastructure and collective urban services. The data show that, although urban mobility is well evaluated in all municipalities, urban infrastructure presents significant deficits in all municipalities and classified as “bad” or “very bad” in this dimension, being the main factor of fragility of the territory. Porto da Folha and Poço Redondo stood out as the municipalities with the best overall performance, while Nossa Senhora de Lourdes had the worst indexes, especially in infrastructure and services. The disparity between the indicators highlights the need for more targeted public policies, capable of reducing asymmetries and promoting balanced urban development in the region. It also needs structuring investments and integrated management. The IBEU presents itself as a useful tool for monitoring urban inequalities and planning public policies in the Alto Sertão Sergipano Territory.