The study investigated how Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices affect the success of Field Medical Foundation (FMF) development projects in Yemen’s challenging humanitarian context. It treated M&E as a six-part system (planning, human capacity, resources, stakeholder participation, data quality, and use of findings) and defined project success through relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, sustainability, and stakeholder satisfaction. Using a quantitative survey of 148 FMF staff and statistical analysis (including regression), the study found that all six M&E dimensions significantly and positively influence project success. Overall, M&E practices had a strong effect on outcomes (β = 0.846) and explained 71.5% of the variation in project success. The study concludes that strong, well-integrated, and evidence-based M&E systems are essential for improving development project performance in fragile settings. It recommends strengthening M&E capacity, improving data systems, increasing participation, and better using findings in decision-making, while urging NGOs and donors to invest more strategically in M&E systems.

Key words: Monitoring and Evaluation, Field Medical Foundation, human capacity, resource allocation, stakeholder participation.