This study was to investigate the impact of Change Agents on Southern Sudan history, 1898-1973 The objectives were to collect data related to agents of change and evaluate the impact of those agents on the region and the reaction of the indigenous population to those agents. Southern Sudanese Chiefs acted as the middlemen during the Turko-Egyptian period or agents of the ivory and slave trading merchants. For this reason, some of the native chiefs have contributed negatively to the devastation of trade as the middlemen. So the native chiefs instead of being agents of change became agents of destruction. Education presents a major change agent in the South but this was left in the hands of the Christian missions employing foreign teachers and designing their own syllabi Change Agents as defined and discussed in the study include foreign role in the area coming from the north, education, commerce as a feature of the economic life, nationalism, the role of the Sudan National Governments, and the armed struggle.
The uses of a case study Methods used were descriptive method is discovery led that describes what is occuring in a case study setting for example, events, processes and relationships, explanatory methods is theory led that explains the causes of events, processes or relationships within a setting and Quality approach is defined as empirical information about the world, not in the form of numbers. Most of the time in social science research this means words The main interest of the condominium administration which was predominantly British lay strategic position of the south. The British wanted to secures Sources of the Nile -and naturally regions leading to it and so they concluded treaties with the French and king Leopold. They needed also to secure their control of the south and they had to send armed expeditions for the first two decades of the rule. The British finally succeeded in establishing their authority in the south and imposing peace on the inhabitants and started to develop infrastructure in the area to serve their own purposes. The impact of change was experienced by very tedious work and obstructions to the government policy. The government’s main aim was to maintain inter-tribal peace and security. However these military administrators defeated the southern peoples because they wanted to restore order and domestic security.
My key findings are: In discussing declaration of Independence-19th December 1955 the pressure of Southern members of parliament led to inclusion of a phrase that a federal system of government will be considered. The Condominium and National Governments were perceived as elements of destruction to southern Sudanese tribal customs, cultures, societies, history and institutions. The Condominium government brought European civilization and Christianity and superimposed their culture that is religion, and language on Southern Sudanese. The main influence of Christianity came in the subsequent strategic influence its converts achieved through the educational qualifications and their role in administration and politics in the late condominium and Agents early independence periods. They brought major benefits such as peace and domestic security, the reduction of famine and diseases and introduction of education, medicine and technical knowledge. The main changes of the impact of condominium were in education, medicine, religion and agricultural projects.Islam entered the south through travelers, merchants and later on officials and junior administrators. So Muslim communities lived in many of the towns there was no change that took place between the condominium and the Sudanese governments in cultural and political domination. There was a neo-colonization where violence was also applicable. The military governments were major challenges than the civilian government in the northern Sudanese towards the southern Sudan. British administrators were foreigners and intruders and the Sudanese administrators were the home rulers.
Data analysis and discussion were presented in conclusion, where very interesting result was come to. The most important of these is that there was cultural and political domination by the condominium government and the Sudanese governments. Both of them brought civilized cultures to those African peoples by imposition .The first national government had to face a mutiny in August 1955which marked the beginning of the armed struggle in the south..The policy of Islamizeationz and Arabicization of the military regime caused resentment and discontent especially in schools. The expulsion of missionaries working in the south because of their hostile attitude towards a united Sudan led to outbreak of the guerrilla war with the appearance of Anyanya army in 1963
In conclusion, the British colonizers wanted to achieve power and prestige and import raw materials.Christianity strengthened the political and economic gains of the British colonizers perhaps to maintain their power prestige. The British defects were that they neglected the Southern Sudan economically.The Christian and Islamic religions have imposed themselves on African cultures and bore the same destructive purpose to traditional African religions. The results of Sudanization commission announced after the elections were a severe disappointment, as northerners were appointed to all senior positions in the South. Most political active southerners saw this as the beginning of northern colonization of the South The finding has asserted that the British colonial rulers were handling crucial issue through diplomatic way. Also on the side of northern Sudanese the southern command 1955-1973 was almost manned by citizens from outside the southern Sudan. The finding has proved that southerners were prevented to enter army.Finally, evidence has indicated that the signing of Addis Ababa accord was appositive impact on both South and north and due to relative peace.
