This study was carried out to examine the extent to which criminal justice system influences human rights violations in Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study was to investigate the nature of human rights violations within Nigeria’s criminal justice system, institutional and structural factors that constitute to human rights violations in Nigeria, existing legal frameworks and reforms aimed at addressing human rights violations within the criminal justice system in Nigeria, compliance of Nigeria’s criminal justice system with international human rights standards and treaties and policy recommendations and reforms to address human rights violations and enhance the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in Nigeria. The literature was extensively reviewed on the five variables using human rights theory, critical criminology theory and social control theory. The findings of the study revealed disparities in law enforcement and policing practices, conditions in correctional facilities, corruption and lack of accountabilities in the Nigeria’s criminal justice system, human rights violations and public perception of the criminal justice system in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that a substantial investment in judicial resources, including the recruitment of more judges, the establishment of additional courtrooms and the digitalization of court process, is necessary to alleviate these delays. Comprehensive reforms of the criminal justice system in Nigeria was also recommended.