This article explores ontological modeling as a modern methodological tool for the lexico-semantic analysis of legal terminology in English and Uzbek. Traditional approaches to legal term analysis often struggle to capture conceptual asymmetries arising from differences between common law and civil law systems. To address this limitation, the study applies an ontology-based framework to systematize legal concepts, terms, and their functional relationships across the two languages. A comparative corpus of normative and doctrinal legal texts is analyzed to identify core legal concepts, semantic relations, and patterns of equivalence and divergence. The constructed bilingual legal ontology reveals cases of partial equivalence, polysemy, and context-dependent semantic shifts that are not evident through surface-level translation analysis. The findings demonstrate that ontological modeling enhances semantic interoperability and provides a structured representation of legal knowledge. The study contributes to jurilinguistics, legal translation studies, and comparative legal terminology by offering a replicable model for analyzing and harmonizing legal terms in multilingual legal contexts.