This study assessed the effect of biodiversity on crop productivity among arable crop farmers in Southern Taraba, Taraba State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of arable crop farmers, assess farmers’ level of awareness of biodiversity conservation practices, and determine the effect of biodiversity on crop productivity. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 112 respondents from Wukari, Takum, and Donga Local Government Areas of Taraba State. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, of which 103 valid responses were retrieved and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were male, married, economically active, and had formal education. Farmers demonstrated a high level of awareness of biodiversity conservation practices, with a grand mean score of 3.25. The logistic regression results revealed that the presence of trees on farmland (B = 2.467, p ≤ 0.05) and the adoption of soil moisture conservation practices (B = 1.972, p ≤ 0.05) had significant positive effects on crop productivity. The study concluded that biodiversity conservation practices, particularly the retention of trees on farmland and soil moisture conservation, contribute positively to crop productivity among arable crop farmers in Southern Taraba. It was recommended that farmers should be encouraged to adopt and sustain biodiversity-friendly farming practices, while agricultural extension services should be strengthened to provide farmers with appropriate knowledge and technical support on biodiversity conservation and sustainable crop production.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Crop Productivity, Arable Crop Farmers, Biodiversity Conservation, Southern Taraba.