Objectives: This study explored the combined effects of biodiversity loss and climate change in Jowhar, the capital of Somalia’s Middle Shabelle region. The research specifically aimed to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of these issues and identify their primary drivers. It also sought to understand how climate change is altering weather patterns and affecting livelihoods.

Method: A quantitative approach was used, involving a descriptive research design and purposive sampling. Data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to 45 respondents and analyzed using Excel. Demographic results showed that most participants were male, aged between 26–3, and highly educated. The findings indicated that agricultural expansion (42%) is the leading cause of biodiversity loss, followed by combined human activities (31%) and deforestation (16%). Climate change impacts such as increased droughts and floods were also reported, with water scarcity directly linked to reduced crop yields. Most respondents highlighted tree planting as the most visible climate change adaptation strategy. Thus, the author’s contribution fills a gap in localized environmental research in Somalia, particularly in conflict-affected and data-poor areas like Jowhar.

Conclusion: the study concludes that biodiversity loss and climate change are significantly impacting the environment and livelihoods in Jowhar, Middle Shabelle. Key drivers include agricultural expansion, deforestation, and water scarcity, all of which are leading to habitat degradation and lower agricultural productivity. Climate change has worsened these effects through increased droughts and floods. While some adaptation strategies like tree planting exist, they are not enough. The study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable land use, climate awareness, reforestation, and water management to protect biodiversity and support community resilience.

Recommendations: The study suggests to strength reforestation efforts, integrating climate awareness into school curricula, improving river management, and supporting adaptive infrastructure. Addressing these issues is vital for protecting biodiversity, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable development in the region.