Pastoral livelihoods in this era of climate change and production resource scarcity are becoming unstable, with negative impacts on food, income, and nutrition security, especially among populations that are nomadic or live in rural and peri-urban areas. The challenges of humanity that come with limited resources for better living necessitate a paradigm shift to create and expand socioeconomic benefits to needy populations. The study aims at adding poultry farming to the list of valued livestock species, underscoring its immediate and extended benefits throughout seasons. The study objectives were to (i) analyse the poultry value chain developments in the pastoral areas, (ii) determine the strategic poultry production and marketing initiatives priorities in Turkana, and (iii) describe the poultry industry enablers for competitiveness, profitability and sustainability. The study, which employed a survey design, was conducted in the Turkana sub-counties of Central, South, East, North, West and Loima, where 300 randomly selected respondents participated in the study. Results of the study show that poultry farming in pastoral areas is crucial for diversifying livelihoods and enhancing food, income, and nutrition security. However, production and market constraints hinder its adoption despite growing consumer demand. Key challenges include industry risks, limited access to capital, and low competitive capacity. Poultry offers immediate benefits, making it viable for rural and displaced populations. Enhancements in this enterprise can be achieved through strategic planning and market-based poultry programmes, focusing on the entire value chain, including production, marketing, and consumption, as well as management and innovation factors, to boost competitiveness and sustainability. The study recommends a comprehensive business model to facilitate production, marketing, and consumption of poultry value chains through well-analysed costs, benefits, competitiveness, and sustainability to enhance market access and maintain a competitive edge. Implementing certified local feed production, good animal husbandry standards, focused farmer training, product aggregation and supply to potential markets, enhancement of poultry breeds, and changing of household and producer groups’ attitudes regarding the potentiality of poultry livelihoods will create impetus for long-term poultry farming in the targeted human settings.