This study examined the effectiveness of the Bayelsa State Independent Electoral Commission (BYSIEC) in conducting free, fair, and credible local government elections in Bayelsa State, focusing on the period from 2004 to 2023. Despite BYSIEC’s legal mandate, local government elections in the state have been plagued by credibility issues, including political interference, electoral irregularities, and voter disenfranchisement. The study adopted Institutional Theory as its theoretical framework, with key proponents being Meyer and Rowan (1977) and DiMaggio and Powell (1983). A historical research design was employed to investigate the relationship between BYSIEC’s operations and electoral outcomes. Data were sourced from secondary materials such as government reports, academic publications, and media reports. Thematic and content analysis revealed that BYSIEC struggled with political interference, especially from the ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP), which undermined its independence and credibility. Other findings included recurring electoral irregularities, low voter turnout, and persistent electoral violence. Despite these challenges, BYSIEC failed to implement effective measures to ensure free and fair elections. The study concluded that BYSIEC has not succeeded in conducting credible local government elections due to political interference, inadequate voter participation, and failure to address electoral violence. To improve BYSIEC’s effectiveness, the study recommends reforms to strengthen its independence, introduce technological solutions to curb electoral malpractices, enhance voter access, and address the issue of electoral violence.