This study explore the role of traditional leaders in conflict resolution in Nigeria, with a focus on identifying strategies for sustainable peace. It examines the challenges faced by traditional leaders, including the erosion of their authority, lack of legal recognition, ethnic and religious divides, and inadequate resources and training, and how these factors hinder their ability to mediate contemporary conflicts. The study is guided by the Conflict Transformation Theory, which emphasizes the transformation of underlying social structures and relationships that perpetuate conflict. The theory, largely attributed to peacebuilding scholar John Paul Lederach, serves as a framework for understanding how conflict resolution can be achieved by addressing root causes and fostering long-term change.  A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing secondary data collection from academic articles, reports, and case studies. Thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring themes and patterns in conflict resolution practices, allowing the researcher to gain insights into the complexities of the role of traditional leaders in Nigeria. Key findings from the study reveal that political interference, lack of formal legal recognition, ethnic and religious divides, and inadequate training and resources significantly undermine the effectiveness of traditional leaders in resolving contemporary conflicts. These challenges erode their authority, neutrality, and capacity to mediate disputes. The study concludes that the weakening of traditional leadership in Nigeria has limited their ability to resolve conflicts, leading to a diminished role in peacebuilding. To address these challenges, the study recommends strengthening legal frameworks to formally recognize traditional leaders, enhancing their training and resources, promoting inclusivity to mitigate ethnic and religious divides, and reducing political interference. This study contributes to knowledge by providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors hindering the role of traditional leaders in conflict resolution in Nigeria. It offers valuable insights into how revitalizing traditional authority and integrating it into modern governance structures can improve conflict resolution processes and contribute to national stability and sustainable peacebuilding.