The contemporary business environment is undergoing profound transformation driven by digital technologies, compelling organizations worldwide to reconsider their human capital strategies. In Nigeria, the intersection of digital business transformation, innovation imperatives, and sustainability concerns has elevated the significance of strategic talent management as a critical organizational capability. This paper examines the conceptual foundations of strategic talent management and explores its role in driving innovation and sustainability within Nigerian organizations navigating digital transformation. The study identifies significant challenges including inadequate digital competencies, brain drain, poor investment in employee development, and weak technological infrastructure that impede effective talent management. Drawing upon Human Capital Theory and the Resource-Based View Theory, the paper argues that talent represents a strategic resource that, when managed effectively, enhances organizational innovation capacity and long-term sustainability. The paper recommends continuous digital training programmes, AI-driven HR systems, innovation-driven workplace cultures, and strengthened collaboration between organizations and educational institutions. The findings have implications for HR practitioners, organizational leaders, policy makers, and researchers seeking to understand the dynamics of talent management in digitally transforming economies.

Keywords: Strategic talent management, digital transformation, innovation, sustainability, human capital, Nigeria, organizational performance.