This article aims to identify the main trade policy instruments capable of promoting economic prosperity across different global economic systems. Its primary objective is to demonstrate that debates surrounding international trade policy instruments that positively influence economic growth have recently regained significant global attention. More specifically, the study observes that countries which adopted import-substitution industrialization policies during the 1950s and 1960s, aimed at protecting domestic production, experienced a decline in economic growth compared to periods of economic liberalization. This outcome contributed to the adoption of globalization policies in developing countries during the 1970s and 1980s. The present study supports this latter hypothesis, given its relevance to the structurally fragmented economies of member states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The analysis covers the period from 2004 to 2025, constrained by data availability limitations.

Using an econometric model to test the proposed hypothesis, the results indicate that globalization exerts a positive effect on economic activity within WAEMU, with an estimated coefficient of 10%, corresponding to an approximate economic growth rate of 100%. It stimulates investment, reduces public expenditure, and can contribute to political stability. However, it also significantly affects inflation, with an average impact estimated at 50%.

In light of criticisms from anti-globalization perspectives regarding its adverse effects, the study suggests a policy of partial trade liberalization, characterized by moderate tariff rates (around 35%) combined with the maintenance of non-tariff measures related to quality and quantity to protect domestic firms. Such a model of free trade should, however, be grounded in reciprocal economic interests and strict respect for national sovereignty.

Keywords: economic growth, free trade, globalization, WAEMU.