This study analyzed the effectiveness of marketing and pricing spread in Afghanistan Nangarhar Province, onion value chain. Wholesaler-dominated distribution networks and direct farmer-to-consumer transactions are just two examples of the different levels of intermediation used in onion marketing systems. The data show that channels involving wholesalers and retailers dominate the trade (52.94%), whereas direct marketing accounts for a relatively small portion of total transactions (3.68%) because of weak marketing facilities. As the number of intermediaries rises, price spread research shows that farmers, portion of the consumer price decreases, lowering farm-level returns. Direct marketing arrangements have the highest marketing efficiency (6.00), retailer-based systems have a moderate level (2.15), and wholesaler-based systems have the lowest (1.39–1.62), according to the Acharya method. The results show that shorter marketing systems are more effective and advantageous for farmers. They also show that in order to improve efficiency and income distribution in Afghanistan, onion value chain, it is necessary to promote direct marketing mechanisms, improve market infrastructure, and lower unnecessary intermediary margins.