Unilever Nigeria Plc was the subject of a study that looked into the link between corporate governance structures and financial success in Nigeria’s industrial sector. Board composition, board size, CEO duality, and the number of shareholders were used as proxies for governance factors. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net profit margin (NPM) were used to quantify financial performance. Utilizing secondary data derived from the company’s audited annual financial statements for the years 2011–2016, the study employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis to assess the claimed associations. The empirical findings indicated that corporate governance variables had a statistically significant impact on ROA, ROE, and NPM. The study indicated that the size of the board had a negative effect on financial performance, whereas the makeup of the board and the number of shareholders had beneficial effects. The CEO duality variable was omitted from regression analysis since the CEO and Board Chair jobs were consistently distinct throughout the study period. The study suggests that to make the board more independent, most of the directors should be non-executive and not depend on the company for money. This will improve objective oversight, limit managerial opportunism, and encourage alignment with shareholders’ long-term interests.